Why Notre Dame Essay Samples?

Why Notre Dame Essay Samples?Why Notre Dame has some very interesting and entertaining essays available for students and other readers to examine. There are a lot of schools that offer online classes that can be taken, but that is not the case with the university's online degree programs. Why Notre Dame has excellent scholarship programs to help support your education and should be on the top of your list when it comes to the best schools for online education.When you begin your journey to online studies, you will find some essays that are especially unique in that they are written as a personal essay. They are not really about any school or course that you might have taken. This type of essay would look very personal and perhaps even fun. It will give you a chance to show your own interests and perspective to make your essay stand out.If you are not sure what you might write about, then why not focus on an essay that you write on the matter at hand. You may be going through a diffic ult period in your life and need to set up your own path to get through. By writing this type of essay, you could not only share the way you think but also to express how you are feeling about the situation.However, if you do not know how to approach your topic, why not try a piece of Why Notre Dame essay samples that you can read over the internet. These sample essays offer an intriguing look at what you can write about.If you want to take a step back and see your ideas in action, then why not get started with a personal essay on your own life. Whether you are about to celebrate a birthday or you have just had a baby, it does not matter. You can write an essay about the way you feel about your mother or father.Students who want to keep their personal essay a secret know that Notre Dame is not the place to go for that. Why Notre Dame essay samples would let you know if you need to ask permission to publish the essay.How about the Why Notre Dame essay samples? Find out more about the se excellent resources that are available for you to use.

Effective Communication For An Organization Essay - 991 Words

Analyzing Effective Communication in Organizations Introduction Effective communication is an important aspect of the meaningful interaction between various collaborators. It helps stakeholders in an organization to advance ideas, establish common grounds, and build excellent interpersonal relations (Turner, Qvarfordt, Biehl, Golovchinsky, and Back, 2016). Effective communication is only possible if there is a comprehensive functional communication system. Blazenaite (2012) believes that a functional communication system model constitutes a valuable tool that helps in instituting practical support for effective communication in any organization. To analyze effective communication in an organization, we must consider organizational communication system and its effectiveness are enhancing good passage of information. Quality communication between employees and among students in a school workplace has a direct link to their mental wellbeing, job satisfaction, and performance and motivation among many other factors. Verma 2016 says that effectiv e communication determines success or failure of an organization. Organizational communication takes different directions; horizontal, grapevine, and vertical. Examining the flow of information in an organization helps us to decipher patterns in poor communication and the comprehension of effective communication in an organization. The study intends to provide an overview and analysis of workplace communication as well as an accurateShow MoreRelatedEffective Communication With An Organization Essay1316 Words   |  6 Pagesto a feeling of responsible team member to the employees rather than the feeling of just taking orders . Effective communication with the employees is one of the best benefits reaped by such participatory processes. It is regarded as one of the prerequisites to achieve organisational aims and goals. It is noted that productivity of an organisation is increased by effective communication as it helps the employees to understand their jobs well and gets them emotionally involved in their work. HoweverRead MoreEffective Communication Is Appropriate For An Organization1280 Words   |  6 PagesEffective communication is appropriate for an organization to deliver and support its messages about quality to the audience and develop appropriate measures to develop appropriate strategies for tone at the top. It is significant for firms to identify the potential opportunities to improve its quality aspects among employees and to create a work culture that embraces quality. A panel on audit effectiveness has made certain suggestions and recommendations to support improved performance of highRead MoreEffective Business Communication : The Success Of An Organization1155 Words   |  5 PagesEffective business Communication is crucial to the success of an organization. The ability to communicate successfully with your audience shows your knowledge of the matter and your level of professionalism to handle the issue. Successful communication, ethical communication, collaboration, lis tening, nonverbal skills, business messages, direct and indirect approaches, business etiquette and establishing creditability, to name a few, are concepts that influence business communication and the abilityRead MoreThe Importance Of An Effective Communication At A Good Management Organization937 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: workforce engagement is an organization commitment which involves a set of beliefs to enhancing workforce performance and particular activities to achieve a common goal ( Hundley Jacobs Drizin, P8 2007). Ruyle, Erichinger De Meuse indicated that there are 11 factors can influence Workforce engagement, including: strategic alignment, trust in senior leadership, immediate mangier working relationship, peer culture, personal influence, nature of my career, career support, natureRead MoreCommunication Is An Important Tool For Developing An Effective Organization3160 Words   |  13 Pagesobjects; and they cannot know each other without a communication system (Harris, Nelson, 2008). Because of communication systems, human interaction is imperative for surviving and living in secure lives. As Harris Nelson (2008) indicate that communication is a way of sharing our ideas and feelings with people. Communication is not only important in our own personal lives, but also in any organization. According to Harris and Nelson (2008), communication plays a major role in all activities in the workplaceRead MoreEffective Communication : An Essential Component Of Organization s Success860 Words    |  4 Pagesorganization’s success. They have the vision, the knowledge and they move the organization forward. Effective communication is one of the main skills required to do the leader’s work. The Ken Blanchard Companies conducted a series of studies from 2003 to 2006 in which 43% of respondents named communication skills as the most critical skill set. In the same study 41% of respondents stated that inappropriate use of communication is the most common mistake done by leaders (Critical leadership, 2006). NoRead MoreOrganizational Communication Essay1188 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s era of raising slogan of global village, communication has become a burning issue. The world has turned into a global village, and one cannot survive alone. As man is a social animal, he cannot overcome worldly activities alone. For the fulfillment of daily activities and usual deeds, he needs help from other people and have to communicate with others. Infect, in habitual lif e everyone spend a lot of time in communicating i.e. writing, reading, talking and listening. People spent mostRead MoreThe Relationship Between Effective Communication And Organizational Efficiency1123 Words   |  5 Pagesrelationship between effective communication and organizational efficiency, showing in particular how communication barriers may impact adversely on an organisation. This essay will focus on the relationship between effective communication and organizational efficiency, highlighting the main barriers in communication and their consequences. In order to facilitate the understanding of this relationship, it is very important to comprehend the purpose of communication in business and the meaningRead MoreThe Role of Effective Communication in Improving Managerial Performance1701 Words   |  7 PagesTHE ROLE OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IN IMPROVING MANAGERIAL PERFORMANCE (A CASE STUDY OF IMO STATE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ISEPA) ABSTRACT The role of effective communication in improving managerial performance. Management and communication are inseparable, it is the pivot in which activities of the various department relates to enhance industrial, growth, productivity and harmony in Imo State environmentalRead MoreEssay on Effective communication and its importance to supervision1585 Words   |  7 PagesEffective Communication and its Importance to Supervision Communication can often be overlooked and good communication skills can be easily assumed. If there is a lack of effective communication within an organization it can potentially affect every process. Every aspect and function of an organization relies on communication in some form. A supervisor must realize that only by ensuring effective communication can they have the proper expectations from their employees. Employees must receive adequate

Comparing the Deceitful Women of Homers Odyssey and the...

The Deceitful Women of Homers Odyssey and the Bible Across all barriers, women have always brought pain, suffering, and aguish to the men as demonstrated in both Homers Odyssey and the Bible. With their beauty and grace, temptresses like the Sirens and Delilah lure men into their grasps, only to later steer them to their ruin. Other times, they use their cunning abilities and deception, as Circe and Jezebel did, in order to entice men into doing things that they normally would never accede to do. Moreover, most tragedies, disasters, and misfortunes are essentially caused by women as demonstrated by Helen, who caused the Trojan War, and Eve, who caused the exile of all mankind from the Garden of Eden and is the mother of all†¦show more content†¦Judges 16:5-6 explains, The lords of the Philistine came to her and said to her, `Coax him, and find out what makes his strength so great, and how we may overpower him, so that we may bind him in order to subdue him; and we will each give you eleven hundred pieces of silver . Samson is legend to have extraordinary strength, and, therefore, cannot be forced to do anything. Delilah, then, has to use her feminine wiles to obtain Samsons secret to his strength. In Judges 16:15-17, it states, Then she said to him, How can you say, I love you, when your heart is not with me? Delilah knows Samson loves her and she uses this fact to sway Samson to give her his secret, and therefore causing his fall. In addition to their poisonous beauty, women are born with the natural gifts of shrewdness and cleverness, which they use to destroy men. In the Odyssey, Circe wins Odysseus over with elegant speech and convinces Odysseus to stray from his journey for years, even despite the fact that she turned his men into pigs. So she spoke, and the proud heart in us was persuaded (Odyssey 10.466). It was not until his men convinced him to leave seven years later that Odysseus resumed his voyage home. His men say to him, What ails you now? It is time to think about our own country; if truly it is ordained that you shall survive and come back to your strong-founded house and to the land of your fathers. (Odyssey 10.472-474). Circes

Conflicting Moral Arguments Louis Vaughn s Philosophy,...

Conflicting Moral Arguments Louis Vaughn states that the purpose of morality is not to describe how things are, but to â€Å"prescribe how things should be† (2). In Philosophy, moral relativism and moral objectivism are two conflicting but somewhat overlapping school of thought. These beliefs govern the way an individual acts; they also decide the ethical guidelines from which the law is written. In this essay we will delineate the differences between the two sects of belief. Pojman asserts that many people self-report as moral subjectivists; he writes that humans fall victim to rashly praising relativism for its tolerance of other cultures. He cautions that when individuals’ morals are subjectively graded, then â€Å"notions of good and bad, right or wrong, cease to have interpersonal evaluative meaning† (33). For example, deeds of injustice, such as indiscriminate killing and theft, are forgivable because each individuals are arguably entitled to their subjective morals. Moral relativism explains plenty of cultural differences. It allows different societies to have different standards of rightness and validates them. John Ladd details, â€Å"[as a result,] whether or not it is right for individuals to act a certain way depends on the society to which they belong† (31). He concludes that there is no absolute or universal moral standard by which all men abide by. By combining the diversity thesis (each culture is different) and the dependency thesis (people act differently dependent of

Marketing Strategy And Mix Of The T 150 Truck Line

Marketing Strategy and Mix Marketers of the F-150 truck line traditionally target the construction industry with heavy towing capabilities and large carrying capacities. In January of 2015, â€Å"Ford starts most comprehensive truck marketing campaign to introduce the toughest, smartest, most capable F-150 ever† (Ford Motor Company, 2014). Marketers again target the working class men who depend on reliability, durability, and capability. Ford bombards the television ads, radio talk shows, consumer websites, print ads, and Hispanic sports competitions with information promising toughness. On the first day of the campaign, Ford placed three television commercials during a nationally televised college playoff football game showcasing the 2016 F-150. The first commercial, forward march, introduced the F-150 as being tougher, smarter, and more capable than the competition. The second advertisement, what’s next, concentrated on innovations such as a remote releasing tailgate, LED lighting, and a three hundred sixty degree exterior camera. The third commercial, move it, let consumers know that the 2015 F-150 has the best-in-class, six ton capacity payload (Ford Motor Company, 2014). The official Ford website has various videos informing the consumer on various topics including: road handling, an aluminum body that reduces the truck weight by seven hundred pounds, six ton load capacity, back up turning knob control and camera, safety, fuel efficiency, strength, and innovation (2014).Show MoreRelatedCase Study : Ford Truck Marketing Strategy1650 Words   |  7 PagesF150 Ford Truck Marketing Strategy Rugged, stylish, comfortable, economic, and most of all, dependable. The Ford F-150 is the pickup truck that changed the nation. From its very beginning, the Ford truck has taken care of its owner’s necessities from hauling hay to visiting family and friends. Since its inception, the Ford Motor Company (FMC) has earned the loyalty of its customers. Most of all, the ford pickup truck has earned the respect of farmers, families, and businessmen alike. How did theRead MoreFord Motor Company Essay6355 Words   |  26 PagesMotor Company. Ford Motor Company has managed to stay ahead of their competitors, GM and Chrysler. In spite of the hike in the gas prices, the slump in the economy, and the housing fiasco, they have managed to survive in this tough economy. The strategies Ford Motor Company uses to conduct business consist of consumer focus, creativity, resourcefulness, and entrepreneurial spirit. Ford Motor Company is a leader in environmental responsibility and they strive t o make a positive contribution to societyRead MoreMarketing Analysis: Cabelas2700 Words   |  11 PagesMarketing Analysis U10a1 Heidi Ortiz Hortiz1@capellauniversity.edu BUS 3030 Fundamentals of Sales and Marketing September 13, 2011 Company Description Section Cabela’s, the world’s foremost outfitter, offers quality hunting, fishing, camping, and outdoor gear at competitive prices. Their main marketing objective is to be the market leader in this space. Their product offering is vast and includes guns, boats, ATV’s, clothing, footwear, home/cabin supplies, and gear for outdoor hobbiesRead MoreCase Deluxe Corporation1741 Words   |  7 Pages000 small business Web sites ââ€"   First and largest social network targeted exclusively at small businesses ââ€"   Serve 15 of the top communication providers in North America and Europe ââ€"   Strong SMB Net Promoter Scores (72) 4 Test and Learn Mobile Truck Tour WABC WCBS KABC Small Business Contest Brand Awareness WNYC WBBM WCCO 5 Market Leader Consolidated Deluxe (Fiscal 2009) Revenue $1.34B Adj. Diluted EPS $2.44* Adj. Operating Income $232M* Operating Cash Flow $206M Small BusinessRead MoreMobile Starbuck s At College2765 Words   |  12 Pagesacross 19,767 company functioned qualified stores in 62 nations. Their produce mix contains baked and handcrafted high quality/premium assessed coffees, tea, a variable fresh food stuffs and extra beverages. They also retail a variety of coffee and tea harvests and licenses their trademarks through other channels such as approved supplies, grocery and national food flair accounts. 1 Starbucks also markets its products mix with other brand names within its portfolio of corporations, which embrace TeavanaRead MorePeace of Cake4225 Words   |  17 PagesLocation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3.0 SITUATION ANALYSIS 3.1 SWOT Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 3.2 Environmental Scan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7-8 4.0 MARKETING ANALYSIS SUMMARY 4.1 Market Segmentation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 9 4.2 Target Market Segment Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 4.3 Marketing Mix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10-11 4.4 Market Trends/Growth†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 4.5 Competition Research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 11 4.6 Sustainable CompetitiveRead MoreTata Nano- New Product Development4515 Words   |  19 Pagesunder the Chairman of Tata Motors, Ratan Tata, inspired by the number of Indian families with two-wheeled rather than four-wheeled transport. The Nano s development has been tempered by the company s success in producing the low cost 4 wheeled Ace truck in May 2005. According to Tata Group s Chairman Ratan Tata, the Nano is a 33  PS (33  hp/24  kW) car with a 623 cc rear engine and rear wheel drive, and has a fuel economy of 4.55 L/100 km (21.97 km/L, 51.7 mpg (US), 62 mpg (UK)) under city roadRead MoreWhey Hey Marketing Opportunity Analysis Essay example6733 Words   |  27 PagesCompany Analysis 9 3.1 WheyHey Analysis 9 3.2 SWOT Analysis 10 4.0 Key Issues Entering market 11 4.1 Segmentation 11 4.2 Major Target market 12 4.3 Potential customers 13 4.4 Positioning 13 4.5 Differentiation strategies 14 5.0 Marketing Objectives and Communication Objectives 14 6.0 Marketing Mix 15 6.1 Product 15 6.2 Pricing 16 6.3 Place 18 6.4 Promotion 19 7.0 Financial Plan 21 8.0 Entry Mode 22 9.0 Key Trends in the Next 5 Years 22 9.1 Continued Growth of Health and Wellness 22 9.2 Rise on ObesityRead MoreStrategy of Tissot Analysis3843 Words   |  16 PagesWRISTWATCH MARKET 2 II. TISSOT INDUSTRY 3 1. History 3 2. Sales analysis 4 3. Marketing and sales 5 III. PROBLEM 6 1. Viet Nam Environment 6 2. Swot Analysis 7 3. Unique Selling Proposition (USP) 9 PART 2: RECOMMENDATION 9 I. Growth opportunities of Tissot 10 II. Market Segmentation - Positioning of New wristwatch. 11 1. Segment Targeting 11 2. Positioning 12 III. Selected Marketing Strategy 12 PART 3: CONCLUSION 13 Appendix: 13 REFERENCE 13 Executive summary AsiaRead MoreStrategy of Tissot Analysis3852 Words   |  16 PagesASIAN WRISTWATCH MARKET 2 II. TISSOT INDUSTRY 3 1. History 3 2. Sales analysis 4 3. Marketing and sales 5 III. PROBLEM 6 1. Viet Nam Environment 6 2. Swot Analysis 7 3. Unique Selling Proposition (USP) 9 PART 2: RECOMMENDATION 9 I. Growth opportunities of Tissot 10 II. Market Segmentation - Positioning of New wristwatch. 11 1. Segment Targeting 11 2. Positioning 12 III. Selected Marketing Strategy 12 PART 3: CONCLUSION 13 Appendix: 13 REFERENCE 13 Executive summary Asia is a potential

Evaluate two Theories. Piaget and Kolhberg free essay sample

This assignment will describe and evaluate two theories in developmental psychology. Firstly looking at Piaget’s Theory then followed by Kohlberg, then an evaluation of the similarities and differences of the two. It will provide evidence of how Piaget’s and Kohlberg’s theory both suffer from the same criticism’s as they both use dilemmas with a particular criteria of a child and culture. The theory only considers a child’s beliefs not its actual behaviour. Jean Piaget was born in Switzerland. Piaget used children to assess moral development. He did this by giving the children specific games to play the most popular one being marbles. As he studied he observed the way the children applied the rules and their reasoning to change the rules. In addition to this he also clinically interviewed children and asked hypothetical questions about lying and cheating. This gave him an insight about how children make decisions and what their beliefs consist of. He also learned how they determined knowing right from wrong. To Piaget children are born with very basic mental structure. An example of a story Piaget would give to a child would be there are two children one child has been told not to go into the cupboard to get a biscuit, the child does this and knocks over one cup in the process. The other child accidently knocks five plates off the dinner table, as they have walked through the door. Piaget concluded to the three stages shown below based on the children’s answers from asking questions similar to the above. Piaget hypothesized three stages; Pre Moral; Heteronomous; Autonomous reality. He believed that the pre moral stage children have no concern or awareness of rules; this is age zero-five years. Piaget then moved on to Heteronomous stage, here he concentrated on children ages five-nine years. He believed that these children had adherence to rules and duties and obedience to authority. The third stage being Autonomous, Piaget concentrated on children who were ten plus years. He found that children were aware of rules and agreements and these can be considered critically, also rules can be selectively applied depending on intention or mutual agreement. The quote below backs up Piaget’s theory. â€Å"In accordance with Piaget’s view a strong relationship was found in Weston cultures between age and children’s level of moral reasoning. Younger children more often display aspects of heteronomous morality and are inclined to judge the consequences of a deed as more important than the motives of the transgressor when passing moral judgement. (Hoffman, 1970;Lickona,1976;Surber 1982) Piaget’s theory has also been criticized â€Å"According to Authors such as Berk (1994a) and Shaffer (1993) Piaget underestimates the Moral understanding of younger children. They contend that there are indications that children can make moral decisions at an earlier stage than Piaget’s research. † Piaget’s critics believe that moral development will continue through to adulthood and even then it can still be varied. Lawrence Kohlberg was a Jewish American psychologist. He specialised in moral education and reasoning. Kohlberg was inspired by Piaget and decided to modify and expand on Piaget’s work to form a theory that explained the development of moral reasoning. Kohlberg based his theories upon research and interviews with groups of young boys. He gave them a set of moral dilemmas and then interviewed them to determine the reasoning behind their answers. From doing this research Kohlberg created a model that consisted of 3 levels and 6 stages. Level one is Pre-Conventional. Stage one is Obedience and punishment; at this stage of moral development, children under 9 years old see rules as unquestionable and permanent. Conforming to the rules is important because it means to avoid punishment. Stage two is Instrumental-Relativist and it focuses on individual’s point of view and how they judge circumstances for their personal needs. Level two is the Conventional level; stage 3 is Interpersonal Relationships living up to people’s expectations and being a considerate human being, this will be most adolescents and adults. Stage 4 is Maintaining Social Order all laws should be obeyed and authority must be respected. Level 3 is Post- Conventional. Stage five is Social contracts and individual rights. At this stage people have different values; opinions and beliefs of their people around them. Rules are important in a society but people of the society should agree on these rules. Stage six Universal ethical principles; at this stage Laws should be obeyed, but changed if not ethical and even if they conflict with laws and rules. (Baron 1996) (Active Psychology) Stage six is only ever reached by 10% of adults as operation thinking is needed. The individual must be capable of abstract thought. â€Å"We are not convinced that many people ever progress beyond stage 4 â€Å" (Shaver and Strong1976) The best known criticism of Kohlberg’s came from Carol Gilligan 1982 who claimed that women scored lower on Kohlberg’s tests because those tests were male biased. (EPSA Philosophy of science Amsterdam 2009 Google book) In addition to being questioned about the influence of gender, others have suggested that Kohlberg’s theory of moral development is culturally-biased. Specifically, researchers have posited that the highest stages of his theory reflect a westernized ideal of justice based on individualistic thought and that it is biased against those that live in non- Western societies that do not value individualism as much ( Shaffer, Wood, Willoughby, 2002) There are many similarities between Piaget and Kohlberg’s theories; Children go through different stages of moral development. It is believed that clinical interviews were the best method for studying children’s moral development. Piaget and Kohlberg both gathered data by asking questions based on hypothetical questions. The differences; Piaget believed that moral development had completed by end of middle childhood. Kohlberg believed children continued to develop past autonomous reality. There is evidence that Kohlberg’s and Piaget’s theories are both gender and culture bias. They both use dilemmas with particular criteria of a child and culture. Piaget influenced Kohlberg to research Moral Development and found stages beyond Piaget’s model. This was also affirmed by Shaffer. Kohlberg and Piaget both in theory hypothesise the same but have different results. Both theories are both gender and culture bias. They both use dilemmas with particular criteria of a child and culture. Piaget influenced Kohlberg to research Moral Development and found stages beyond Piaget’s model. This was also affirmed by Shaffer.

Shakespeare and the Elizabethan Language Essay Example For Students

Shakespeare and the Elizabethan Language Essay second essay Choose any two plays from the texts we have discussed this term and show how they develop a critique of the court as an institution. Many of Shakespeares plays are saturated with the political world in the light of the presentation of its ideals, effects on character and their relationships and above all, typical human nature. It reveals unconsciously Shakespeare pessimistic attitude towards the court. He considers it to be a cultural structure, which signifies that it carries stereotypes and expectations. He implicitly challenges, in almost all his plays, the conventional ideologies that are built up around the institution of the court. These are of courtesy and good relations towards other members of the court and the public domain which are controlled by respectability, diplomacy and honesty. Queen Elizabeth is said to have stated we princes are set on stage in sight and view of all the world. 1 The above ideological institution is too good to be true. Shakespeare presents use with an accurate and present portrayal of the court. Today it is considered the norm but new historicists draw attention to the fact that he dramatises disruptions in the royal court at a time, the sixteenth century, when the absolute power of the monarchy was being tested by the irresistible rise of capitalism. For example, rather than his plays which involve the court being a powerful, imaginative expression of Shakespeares comprehension of the universal and timeless human condition, the play is perceived as a outcome of Elizabethan culture, as it passed through a period of extraordinary upheavals. They dramatise the struggles of its time, whilst also reflecting society of today in the light of the court, Looking at the above characteristics of the court, I believe that the depiction of the court is built up mainly on character and the opinions of others towards that figure. I am going to concentrate on the characters in the plays Hamlet and Macbeth and consider their relation and role to the institution of the court. Shakespeare looks at motifs such as power, ambition, persuasion and loyalty which corrupt these ideals of the court. As a body they may appear a model of authority but when looking into individual characters and how they perceive the court we realise it is far from ideological. Additionally I will contemplate how politics moves the narrative and provokes context within the play. Without the support of political ties, Hamlet would not carry the extensive depth as it does. For instance, when the ghost of Old Hamlet visits Horatio and the guards, in the opening scene, Horatio remarks that once the old King had slain the old Fortinbras and, in victory, taken some of his lands. He continues that the young Fortinbras could be is gathering up an army to, possibly reclaim this land. Without this apparently unstable political situation, the ghost may not have received the same attention. In addition, the reader/audience would not have been provided with this important information about the old Kings heroic character which so sparks Hamlets admiration, which has plenty to do with Hamlets actions later on. It is interesting at the end of the play that right before he dies, Hamlet bestows the rights to the land on Fortinbras. They are both sons who have lost their fathers for political reasons: the old King killed Fortinbras father for the land, and Claudius murdered the old King for power. Political power, that is. This ending is in many ways a convoluted reflection of the events of the past. It would be wrong to say that Hamlet is not a political playthe lust for power is a driving force in it, as is the need for political control of Denmark, as King, that sets it all in motion.